Una mirada antropológica de la biología

Tim Ingold

Resumen


Este artículo sienta las bases para una integración exitosa de la antropología dentro de la disciplina más general de la biología. En el discurso de la antropología social, el concepto de “biología†se suele vincular a una cara de la oposición entre lo humano y lo natural, planteando una exclusividad mutua entre las personas y los organismos como objetos de estudio. Dentro de la disciplina de la biología, no obstante, la síntesis neo-darwiniana prevaleciente virtualmente elimina a los organismos como entidades reales, y la extensión de este paradigma que incorpora a la “herencia cultural†elimina también a la persona. Se propone una biología alternativa que tome al organismo como su punto de partida, y que aprehenda la vida social de las personas como un aspecto de la vida orgánica en general. De este modo, la antropología de las personas queda comprendida dentro de una biología de los organismos, cuyo foco se pone en procesos antes que en sucesos, reemplazando así el “pensamiento poblacional†de la biología evolutiva darwiniana por una lógica de relaciones.

 

This article sets out the foundations for an adequate integration of anthropology within the wider field of biology. In the discourse of social anthropology, the concept of ‘biology’ is commonly matched to one side of an opposition between humanity and nature, setting up persons and organisms as mutually exclusive objects of study. In biology itself, however, the established neo-Darwinian synthesis virtually eliminates the organism as a real entity, and the extension of this paradigm to incorporate ‘cultural inheritance’ likewise eliminates the person. An alternative biology is proposed that takes the organism as its starting point, and that comprehends the social life of persons as an aspect of organic life in general. Thus an anthropology of persons is encompassed within a biology of organisms whose focus is on processes rather than events, replacing the ‘population thinking’ of Darwinian evolutionary biology with a logic of relationships.


Biology; anthropology; neo-darwinism; logic of relationships.


Palabras clave


Biología; antropología; neo-darwinismo; lógica de relaciones.

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Copyright (c) 2016 Apuntes de Investigación del CECYP

Creative Commons License

ISSN 0329-2142    ISSN electrónico 1851-9814

Copyright Apuntes de Investigación del CECYP 1997-2017. Todos los derechos reservados.

 

 


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